Theories Of Intellectual Property Philosophy Essay

Hypotheses Of Intellectual Property Philosophy Essay Presentation: The term licensed innovation alludes to a free group of lawful conventions that manage the employments of various sorts of thoughts and insignia.â The law of copyright secures different unique types of articulation. The financial and social significance of this assortment of rules is expanding quickly. Also, administrators all through the world are hectically changing their licensed innovation laws. [1] Partly because of these patterns, insightful enthusiasm for the field has risen significantly as of late. There has been a clear mushrooming of articles conveying speculations of protected innovation in law audits and in diaries of financial matters and reasoning. This article examines those speculations, assesses them, and considers the jobs they do and should play in lawmaking. Distinctive jurisprudential methodologies in IP law making: A large portion of the ongoing hypothetical works comprise of battles among and inside four jurisprudential methodologies of protected innovation law. 1.2.1 Utilitarian part of IP statute: The first and generally famous of the four utilizes the natural utilitarian rule that officials must put accentuation on boost of net social government assistance while forming property rights.â with regards to protected innovation, it is for the most part felt that, administrators must find some kind of harmony between, on one hand, the individual privileges of the maker and then again amplification of open intrigue. A genuine model in such manner is William Landess and Richard Posners paper on copyright lawâ [2]â .â The unmistakable qualities of most intelligent items are that they are effectively repeated. Those qualities in mix make a peril that the makers of such items will be not able to recover their expenses of articulation (for example the time and exertion gave to composing or making and the expenses out of haggling with distributers or record organizations), since they will be undermined by copyists who bear just the low expenses of creation (the expenses of assembling and dispersing books or CDs) and consequently can offer customers indistinguishable items at low prices.â Awareness of this risk will discourage makers from making socially important scholarly items in the first instance.â We can maintain a strategic distance from this by assigning to the makers (for restricted occasions) the selective option to make duplicates of their manifestations. The entirety of the differen t elective manners by which makers may be enabled to recuperate their expenses are, for some explanation, increasingly inefficient of social resources.â [3]â â This utilitarian method of reasoning, anyway has been reprimanded on the ground of its inclination to make restraining infrastructure rights. A related contention rules the trademark law. The essential monetary advantages of trademarks, are (1) the decrease of buyers search costs, since purchasers can depend upon their related involvements with different brands while choosing which brand to purchase in future, and (2) the formation of a motivating force for organizations to create reliably excellent products and enterprises. Then again while managing its analysis, trademarks can here and there be socially unsafe additionally, as for instance, by empowering the principal contestant into a market to dishearten rivalry by appropriating for itself a particularly alluring or instructive brand name. Attention to these advantages and damages should (and typically does), manage officials and judges when tuning trademark law; imprints ought to be (and generally are) ensured when they are socially advantageous and not when they are, on balance, deleterious.â [4]â 1.2.2 Labor hypothesis and its jurisprudential viewpoint: Robert Nozickâ [5]â after partner himself with Lockes contention, Nozick directs his concentration toward Lockes broadly vague stipulation the recommendation that an individual may really get property rights by blending his work in with assets held in like manner just if, after the procurement, there is sufficient and as great left in like manner for others.â [6]â Nozick battles that the right translation of this restriction is that the securing of property through work is real if and just if different people don't endure accordingly any net damage. Translated in this design, the Lockean stipulation isn't damaged, Nozick contends, by the task of a patent right to an innovator on the grounds that, albeit different people access to the creation is without a doubt constrained by the issuance of the patent, the development would not have existed at all had the designer not put in any exertion because of dread of replicating. 1.2.3 Personality hypothesis and its jurisprudential viewpoint: The reason of the third methodology got freely from the compositions of Kant and Hegel for example private property rights are significant as per the general inclination of some essential human needs; policymakers should in this manner endeavor to make and apportion privileges to assets in the style that best empowers individuals to satisfy those requirements. From this viewpoint, protected innovation rights might be legitimized either on the ground that they shield from appointment or adjustment curios through which creators and craftsmen have communicated their wills (an action thought integral to personhood) or on the ground that they make social and monetary conditions helpful for inventive scholarly movement, which thus is imperative to human flourishing.â [7]â Justin Hughes gets from Hegels Philosophy of Rights the accompanying rules concerning the correct state of a licensed innovation framework (a) We ought to be all the more ready to accord lawful security to the products of profoundly expressive scholarly exercises, (b) Because a people persona his open picture, including his physical highlights, peculiarities, and history is a significant piece of character, it merits liberal lawful assurance, notwithstanding the way that normally it doesn't result from work (c) Authors and creators ought to be allowed to win regard, respect, deference, and cash from the general population by selling or parting with duplicates of their works.â [8]â 1.2.4 Social arranging hypothesis and its jurisprudential perspective: The remainder of the four methodologies says that, property rights when all is said in done and protected innovation rights specifically can and ought to be formed in order to help encourage the accomplishment of an equitable and appealing culture.â This methodology is like utilitarianism in its direction, however unique in its eagerness to send dreams of an alluring society more extravagant than the originations of social government assistance conveyed by utilitarians.â [9]â Different essayists who have moved toward protected innovation law from comparable points of view incorporate Keith Aoki, Rosemary Coombeâ [10]â , Niva Elkin-Koren, and Michael Madow. [11] As yet, in any case, this fourth methodology is less entrenched and perceived than the other three. 1.3 Varying jurisprudential perspectives in US, UK, France and Germany: As of not long ago, the character hypothesis had significantly less money in American law. However conversely, it has figured noticeably in Europe. The French and German copyright systems, for instance, have been unequivocally molded by the works of Kant and Hegel.â This impact is particularly clear in the liberal insurance those nations accommodate creators and specialists rights. In the previous two decades, moral-rights principle and the logical point of view on which it rests have discovered expanding favor with American officials, as confirm most obviously by the multiplication of state craftsmanship safeguarding resolutions and the ongoing reception of the government Visual Artists Rights Act.â [12]â Basic examination of the hypotheses of IP statute: Officials are stood up to nowadays with numerous troublesome inquiries including rights to control data. The advocates of every one of the four driving hypotheses indicate to give administrators answers to the up and coming inquiries in IP law. Sadly, our decision among these four choices will regularly have a major effect. The third, for example, proposes that we should demand, before giving a patent or other protected innovation right, that the disclosure being referred to must fulfill a significant utility necessity; the other three would not. The second would advise against giving lawful rights on specialists who love their work; the other three point the other way. The fourth would recommend that we add to copyright law a prerequisite practically equivalent to the patent principle of nonobviousness; the others would not. In short, a legislators failure to pick among the four will regularly be crippling. Comparable difficulties emerge when one attempts to apply Lockes origination of the center to the field of scholarly property. What precisely are the crude materials, possessed by the network all in all, with which singular specialists blend their work so as to create scholarly items? It is concurred that IP law would need to be drastically reexamined to fit in with the Lockean scheme. But the size of the vital correction is overwhelming. Is it reasonable on Lockean or some other premises - that in the event that one thinks about another method of moving he guarantee IP assurance and forestall every other person from doing likewise? Also, by enrolling the trademark Nike, would one be able to keep others from utilizing it in any capacity incorporating repeating it in an article on protected innovation? In the event that not, at that point what Is the degree of these rights? We come, at long last, to the notable issue of proportionality. Nozick asks: If I pour my jar of tomato juice into the sea, do I own the ocean? How far, so, do my privileges go?â Locke gives us little guidance.â [13]â 1.5 Conclusion: The constraints of the direction gave by general hypotheses of protected innovation is maybe simplest to see regarding the remainder of the four approaches. Lawmakers who attempt to bridle social-arranging hypothesis must settle on troublesome decisions at two levels. The first and most evident includes detailing a dream of a fair and

HRM In SKYCITY Entertainment Group Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the HRM In SKYCITY Entertainment Group. Answer: Presentation SKYCITY Entertainment Group is a diversion and gaming business assigned in New Zealand and Australia. The organization is doing the diversion business in New Zealand. In the ongoing time the organization is completing business exercises the nation over with a motivation behind giving condition administrations. This is obvious from the purpose of increasing powerful administrations and procedure that will positively permit the organization to deal with the business activities. It is clear to deal with the business capacities with a motivation behind completing the exercises with a reason to look onto the changed business opportunity. The organization's offers are exchanged on both the Australian and New Zealand Stock Exchanges. The gathering appeared in 1996. The exposition furnishes with the human asset work in the organization. It set forward the business tasks in a successful manner while fusing the most ideal exercises. It is important for the business associations to use the powerful human asset strategies so as to achieve objective. The general object is to start the drawn out capacities and achieve the successful reaction. It is inevitably to build up a powerful human asset plan that is imperative to deal with the circumstance so as to accomplish long haul supportable objectives. To achieve long haul reason the association needs to think of powerful human asset arrangements. This will permit in dealing with the business activities. The report fundamentally centers around job of business advancement administrator and spotlight on the moral and good issues that are looked in the association. It is essential to comprehend the job of the individual so as to put moral view. Commitment of human asset the executives (HRM) works in staff execution As demonstrated by Daft, R. L. (1989), Human asset the executives capacities are the strategies by which human and various resources are sent with the objective that work finishes. Jons, G. (1998) shows that affiliations are social advancements made with the explanation behind achieving some common targets by techniques for aggregate undertaking. They are portrayed by the arranged enthusiasm of people, not so much of things. It is gathered that to make the best usage of an affiliation's human resources it is critical to manage its kin just as its corporate structure and culture. This should be done in an idea about a joined way, as per business targets. The proper assignment of people organization commitments is key to the method. Associations change great in such manner: little associations will in general join people organization inside line or general organization, greater affiliation are inclined to have authority utilitarian parts. These parts may have titles which differ basica lly beginning with one affiliation then onto the following. Human Resource work A contemporary HR model comprises of 9 key human asset the executives capacities. Particular structures of the affiliations impact the way people are managed. As demonstrated by Mullins, L.J. (1996), definitive execution incorporates viability besides, ampleness. Through his eyes, affiliations ought to be profitable in doing the benefit things, in the perfect usage of their advantages and in the extent of respects inputs. Human asset Planning sky city needs to think of a successful human asset arranging framework. This will permit them in picking up exactness. Regardless affiliations ought to moreover be amazing in doing the right things and in their yields related to some specific explanation, objective or undertaking. Execution should be related to such huge numbers of components as growing efficiency, upgraded organization movement or gaining the best results in basic districts of various leveled works out. Affiliations ought to similarly ensure that they meet appealingly, or outperform, the solicitations and essentials of customers, and are flexible to specific necessities, changes in the external condition and the solicitations of the situation. Employment investigation In request to guarantee steady work. The activity needs to incorporate every single extension relating to the HRM. This will help in dealing with the whole activity in a satisfactory way. The human asset should be selected by dissecting the activity. Legitimate suitability is affected by various variables. There are in excess of 60 factors that infringe on any one definitive situation and which show the confounded thought of the examination of legitimate ampleness. These capacities incorporate the Job portrayal, details and structure that are important to be embraced so as to increase authoritative competency. These elements include: activity, accumulate relations, systems and structures, the individuals' segments (limit, motivation to work, part). It likewise centers upon the money related condition, state of being, and inventive condition). In this assessment they perceived eight major attributes of significance which appear to speak to accomplishment: a te ndency for movement; that is being arranged and with an inclination for finishing things; close to the customer; that is, tuning in and picking up from everyone they serve, and give quality, advantage and unfaltering quality; autonomy and business endeavor; that is, advancement and peril taking as a normal strategy for completing things; effectiveness through people; that is, regarding people from staff as the wellspring of significant worth and productivity; hands-on, regard driven; that is, having very much characterized fundamental speculations and best organization remaining in contact with the 'cutting edges'; hold fast to the sewing; that is, a great part of the time, staying close by to what you know and can progress admirably; essential shape, lean staff; that is, essential structures and systems, and not many best level staff; simultaneous free close properties; that is, operational decentralization yet strong concentrated power over the couple of, basic focus regards. Staffing-Armstrong, M. (1996) delineate a successful relationship as one that viably achieves these goals while in like manner meeting its obligations to its accomplice. As he might want to think, there are regulatory and people factors which make Hierarchical accomplishment. Putting a right individual at a right spot is one of the essential elements of the Hrm. The managerial components which make definitive accomplishment are: a strong visionary authority from the fundamental; an obviously described and especially conferred sentiment of reason conveyed as a crucial; regard structure kept up all through the affiliation which highlights execution, quality and the commitments of the relationship to its accomplices; the key capacity at senior organization level to develop long range plans for the accomplishment of the affiliation's principle objective inside the arrangement of its middle regards . Advancement Another capacity of the HRM division is to make an improvement arrangement so as to pick up sufficiency. The motivation behind the Human Resource Planning is a push drove by the best, anyway invading the relationship, to achieve world class levels of execution by methodology of benchmarking, unending change and, significant, re-constructing the business. It is all things considered agreed that progressive suitability is in like manner extraordinarily dependent on the idea of everybody in the affiliation and how well they are directed. It has occasionally been battled that people have the impact. Legitimate execution depends upon people organization practices which engage and focus: movement, imaginativeness, motivation, capacity, adaptability, business presentation, and commitment. Representative wellbeing and Safety-the HRM thought relies upon the assumption that human resource framework can add to the business framework however then again is legitimize by it. The reason for the organization is to comprehend the need of dealing with workers. The authenticity of this thought depends upon how much is believed that people make included regard and should as such be managed as a key resource. In case this assumption is recognized, the authenticity of this thought depends upon how much it tends to be associated for all intents and purposes and the aftereffects of such applications. Remuneration and prize administration The HRM specialists agreed that if the HRM is changed over into specific HR frameworks which are realized; it has an amazing indirect promise to the arrangement of included regard and high ground. Execution the board In accounting tongue, included regard is the differentiation between the pay of the business rising up out of arrangements (yield) and the aggregate spent on materials and other acquired product and ventures (input). Included regard is made by people at various levels in affiliations who cause dreams, to describe characteristics and missions, set targets, make essential plans, and complete those structures according to the supporting regards. Work Relation-The work connection permit in overseeing adequacy. Included regard will be updated by whatever is done to get and develop the right sort of people, to drive and manage them satisfactorily, to get their feeling of obligation in regards to affiliation regards, to manufacture and keep up stable relationship with them, to develop the right sort of affiliation structure, furthermore, to pass on them feasibly and productively in that structure. Human Resource Information System-The reason for existing is to take part in the best proficient practice. This will absolutely permit in checking development and supporting the most ideal outcomes. It is apparent to plan the activity in the most ideal manner and to compose the adequacy. According to the Job Analysis Moral issue: The reason here is to break down the activity of Business advancement supervisor. It is obvious to

Sample review of national park in Kenya

Sample review of national park in Kenya Sample Paper: National Park in Kenya Name of the Park you visited: MT KENYA NATIONAL PARK 1. Mount Kenya National Park initially started as a forest reserve which was established in 1949 to protect regions around mt Kenya. Right now the national park is situated in the forest reserve which surrounds it. Mt Kenya national park gained UNESCO biosphere reserve award in 1978. The national park has an area of 715 square kilometers and the forest reserve has an area of 705 square kilometers and when combined it makes a UNESCO world heritage. Some part of this park has electrified fences to keep elephants from getting out the surrounding. The main reason to preserve this park as thoughtful by the Kenyan government was purposely for tourism for both local and national economies. Secondly was to preserve an area of scenic beauty, to conserve the biodiversity within the park and to preserve water catchment for the surrounding area. 2. Main tribes found here are gikuyus also known as kikuyu, tourists gain advantage of learning the gikuyu culture and other cultures surrounding that place, these tribes mainly provides the history of the great mt Kenya an explain the believe behind some available features around the park, this has made tourism to hike up in higher scales. Self-Guided Field Trip to Local, State or National Park Introduction to Physical Geography2 3. There are developed trails at this national park, this are also known as pathways or track trails. This is where tourists pass to view the national park. There is a visitor’s center that is a hotel beneath the mt Kenya Park. This attracts more tourists since they have a place to rest and have meals during their adventure. 4. Yes the park has educational trails/displays showing mainly directions and features available at a certain place. The public enjoys an advantage of viewing such features. 5. Throughout the year daytime temperatures will generally reach highs of around 25 °C thats about 77 °F. At night the average minimum temperature drops down to around 16 °C, thats 61 °F. 6. The average annual amount of precipitation has been recorded at around 269 mm, thats 11 inches.Alpine and sub alpine vegetation situated mainly between 1200m and 1850m which is mainly dry upland. The plants found here are known as juniperus procera and podocarpus spp. Tussock grasses: Festuca pilgeri, and sedges Carex spare found in the lower alpine or moorland zone which is characterized by high rainfall, 7. I came across some interesting bird species which include Owl, Mackinders Eagle; Owl, African Wood; Owl, African Marsh; Owl, Abyssinian Long-eared; Oriole, Black-winged; Nightjar, Abyssinian; Martin, African Sand; Self-Guided Field Trip to Local, State or National Park Introduction to Physical Geography3 8. These are the main animals found in the park, very interesting animals Baboon, Olive; Bat, Buffalo, African Bushbuck Cat, African Wild Civet, Black and White Dog, Hunting Dormouse, African Duiker, Black-fronted Common.Reptiles: Alpine Meadow Lizard; Green Mamba; lizards and skinks and montane viper are the main reptiles in the park. 9. Yes plants are being endangered due to availability of giraffes and monkeys in the national park. As much they try to preserve the park, it’s not a hundred percent preserved. 10. Harmful animals such as snakes are caged to reduce attacks to tourists; different animals are separated and kept in different sections to prevent attacks on each other, 11. Mainly geological formations are glaciers.The soils found at this park are fertile loam soils, temperatures as they vary depending on seasons these soils gain favorite temperatures for vegetation growth, precipitation adding moisture to the soils. Self-Guided Field Trip to Local, State or National Park Introduction to Physical Geography4 12. Yes there are geological formations such as glaciers and volcano formations; they are preserved for geographers more so for learning purposes. The park has set up goals to make sure tourists come back in plenty; this is evident by their friendly manner of welcoming and efficient service which leaves the tourists 100% satisfied. Education is another service done by the attendants, which is done politely and efficiently. This keeps tourists flowing in for leisure and enjoyment not forgetting learning. 13. The slopes of the mountain and the way the park is arranged, beautiful scenes and I enjoyed being moved around in the park. What a good place.

200 Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs

Homonyms are two or more words that have the same sound or  spelling  but differ in  meaning. Homophones—which means same sounds in Latin—are two or more words, such as  knew  and  new  or  meat  and  meet, that are  pronounced  the same but differ in  meaning, origin, and often  spelling. Homographs, meanwhile, are words that have the same  spelling  but differ in origin, meaning, and sometimes  pronunciation, such as the verb  bear  (to carry or endure) and the noun  bear  (the animal with a shaggy coat). Words that fall under any of these three categories often confuse readers and writers alike. But they need not perplex you: Understanding the meaning of these three grammatical terms and, especially, being able to recognize them can help clear up any confusion. A list of some of the most common  homonyms, homophones,  and  homographs can help any writer use these words correctly and any reader or listener recognize them when they occur. Homonyms, Homophones, and  Homographs   Here is a listing of some the most common homonyms, homophones, and  homographs. The first column contains homonyms in alphabetical order, while the second and third columns list the corresponding homonym, homophone, or homograph as applicable. accept - take in except - other than ad - advertisement add - join, combine advice - guidance advise - recommend aid - assist, assistance aide - one who gives assistance ail - to suffer poor health ale - a beverage air - atmosphere ere - before heir - one who inherits property aisle - a passage I'll - contraction of I will isle - island allusion - an indirect reference illusion - false appearance altar - table in a church alter - to change ate - past tense of eat eight - the number 8 bail - to clear water bail - release of a prisoner bale - a large bundle band - a ring, something that binds band - a group banned - prohibited bare - uncovered bear - large animal bear - support, yield bases - starting points bases - four stations on a baseball field basis - a basic principle beat - to strike, overcome beat - exhausted beet - a plant with red roots blew - past tense of blow blue - the color bread - baked food item bred - produced buy - purchase by - near, through bye - goodbye capital - punishable by death capital - chief city capitol - building where legislature meets ceiling - top of a room sealing - setting, fastening cell - compartment sell - vend cent - penny coin scent - an odor sent - past tense of send cereal - breakfast food serial - sequential chews - gnaws with teeth choose - to select Chile- country in South America chili - bean stew chilly - frosty chord - musical tone cord - rope cite - quote site - location sight - view close - opposite of open clothes - clothing coarse - rough course - path, procedure complement – enhance; go together compliment - praise conduct - behavior conduct - to lead council - committee counsel - guidance creak - squeak creek - stream of water crews - gangs cruise - ride on a boat days - plural of day daze - stun dear - darling deer- woodland animal desert - to abandon desert - dry land dessert - after-dinner treat dew - morning mist do - operate due - payable die - cease to exist dye - color discreet - tactful discrete - distinct doe - female dear dough - uncooked bread dual - double duel - battle elicit - draw out illicit - illegal eminent - distinguished imminent - soon ewe - female sheep you - second-person personal pronoun eye - sight organ I - first-person personal pronoun facts - true things fax - a document transmitted via telephone fair - equal fare - price fairy - elflike creature with wings ferry - boat faze - impact phase - stage feat - achievement feet - plural of foot find - to discover fined - charged a penalty fir - type of tree fur - animal hair flea - small biting insect flee - run flew - did fly flu - illness flour - powdery, ground up grain flower - blooming plant for - on behalf of fore - front four - three plus one forth - onward fourth - number four foreword - introduction to a book forward - advancing gene - a chromosome jean - fabric; pants gorilla - big ape guerrilla - warrior grease - fat Greece - country in Europe groan - moan grown - form of grow hair - head covering hare - rabbit-like animal hall - passageway haul - tow halve - cut in two parts have - possess hay - animal food hey - interjection to get attention heal - mend heel - back of foot hear - to listen here - at this place hi - hello high - up far hoarse - croaky horse - riding animal hole - opening whole - entire holey - full of holes holy - divine wholly - entirely hoarse - rough voice horse - animal hour - sixty minutes our - belonging to us knead - massage need - desire knew - did know new - not old knight - feudal horseman night - evening knot - tied rope not - negative know - have knowledge no - opposite of yes lead - metal led - was the leader leased - past tense of lease least - the minimum lessen - make smaller lesson - class loan - lend lone - solitary made - did make maid - servant mail - postage male - opposite of female marry - to wedmaterial merry - very happymateriel meat - animal protein meet - encounter mince - to chop finely mints - type of sweet morning - a.m. mourning - remember the dead none - not any nun - woman who takes special vows oar - boat paddle or - otherwise ore - mineral oh - expression of surprise or awe owe - be obligated one - single won - did win overdo - do too much overdue - past due date pail - bucket pale - not bright pain - hurt pane - window glass peace - calm piece - segment peak – highest point peek - glance patience - being willing to wait patients - person treated in a hospital or by a doctor pear - a type of fruit pair - two (usually matching) plain - ordinary plane - flight machine plane; flat surface pole - post poll - survey poor - not rich pour - make flow pray - implore God prey - quarry principal - most important principle - belief rain – water from sky rein - bridle rap - tap wrap - drape around read - past tense of the verb to read red - color real - factual reel - roll right - correct; not left write - scribble ring - encircle wring - squeeze road - street rode - past tense of ride role - function roll - rotate rose - flower rows - lines sail - move by wind power sale - bargain price scene - landscape seen - viewed sea - ocean segment see - observe with eyes seam - joining edge seem - appear sew - connect with thread so - as a result sow - plant soar - ascend sore - hurt place sole - single soul - essence son - male child sun - the star that lights the solar system some - a few sum - amount stair - step stare - to look at steadily steal - swipe steel - alloy suite - large room in a hotel sweet - the opposite of sour tail - animal’s appendage tale - story their - belonging to them there - at that place they’re - they are threw - past tense of throw through - passing from one place to another to - toward too - also two - the number 2 toe - foot appendage tow - pull along vary - differ very - wail - howl wail - howl whale - huge sea mammal waist - area below ribs waste - squander wait – kill time weight - measurable load war - battle wore - did wear warn - caution worn - used way - path weigh - measure mass we - us wee - tiny weak - not strong week - seven days wear - to don attire where - question word weather - climate whether - if which - that witch - sorcerer wood - material coming from trees would - conditional auxiliary your - belonging to you you’re - you are Practice Using Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs Complete each of the following sentences by filling in the blank with the correct word. Youll find the answers at the end of the exercise. To heighten interest, all of the sentences are quotes from various authors writings in books and magazine articles published over the years. Feel free to use the previous table to help you if you get stumped. â€Å"He simply sat down on the ledge and forgot everything _____ [accept or  except]  the marvelous mystery.†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Lawrence Sargent HallI live in the Oakland Hills in a tiny house on a street so windy you can’t drive more than ten miles per hour. I rented it because the _____ [ad or add]  said this: Small house in the trees with a garden and a fireplace. Dogs welcome, of course.— Pam HoustonFrancis wondered what _____  [advice or  advise]  a psychiatrist would have for him.— John CheeverThe _____ [aid or aide] gets out of the way, picking her skirt out of the rubble of children at her feet.— Rosellen BrownHe seemed to want to  recapture the cosseted feeling  hed had when hed been sick as a child and she would serve him flat ginger _____  [ail or  ale], and toast soaked in cream, and play endless card games with him, using his blanket-covered legs as a table.— Alice Elliott DarkHe sat down and leaned forward, pulling  the chairs rear legs into the _____ [air,  ere, or heir]  so that the waitress could get by.— Stanley Elkins[T]he stewardess was moving down the _____ [aisle, Ill, or isle],  like a trained nurse taking  temperatures in a hospital ward, to see that they were all properly strapped in for the take-off.— Martha GellhornMrs. Parmenter laughed at his _____ [allusion or illusion]  to their summer at Mrs. Sterretts, in Rome, and gave him her coat to hold.— Willa CatherIn the long years between, she had  fashioned many fine dresses—gowned gay girls for their conquests and robed fair brides for the _____ [altar or alter].— Mary LernerOn a Saturday morning soon after he came to live with her, he  turned over her garbage while she  was at the grocery store and _____ [ate or eight]  rancid bacon drippings out of a small Crisco can.— Pam DurbanThe barn was bigger than a church,  and  the falls fresh hay _____ [bails or  bales]  were stacked to the roof in the side mows.— John UpdikeHer  two spare dresses were gone, her comb was gone, her checkered coat was gone, and so was the mauve hair-_____ [band or banned] with a mauve bow that had been her hat.— Vladimir NabokovWithout the shelter of those  trees, there is a great exposure—back yards, clotheslines, woodpiles, patchy sheds and barns and privies—all _____ [bare or bear], exposed, provisional looking.— Alice MunroThis was the time when outfields were larger than they are today and well-hit balls would roll for a long time,  giving  runners ample time  to round the _____ [bases or basis]  for a home  run.— Deidre Silva and Jackie KoneyThe conductor had his  knotted signal cord to pull, and the motorman _____ [beat or beet] the foot gong with his mad heel.— Saul BellowNancy held the cup to her mouth and _____ [blew or blue] into the cup.— William FaulknerA pigeon landed nearby.  Ità ‚  hopped on its little red feet  and pecked into something that might have been a dirty piece of stale _____ [bread or bred] or dried mud.— Isaac Bashevis SingerHe was wearing a new  hat of a pretty biscuit shade, for it never occurred to him to _____ [buy, by, or bye] anything of a practical color; he had put it on for the first time and the rain was spoiling it.— Katherine Anne Porter Answers to the Exercise 1. except  2. ad  3. advice  4.  aide  5. ale  6. air  7. aisle  8. allusion  9. altar  10. ate  11. bales  12. band  13. bare  14. bases  15. beat  16. blew  Ã‚  17. bread  18. buy Sources Hall, Lawrence Sargent. The Ledge. The Hudson Review, 1960.Houston, Pam. Waltzing the Cat. Washington Square Press, 1999, New York.Cheever, John. The Country Husband. The New Yorker, 1955.Brown, Rosellen. How to Win. The Massachusetts Review, 1975.Dark, Alice Elliott. In the Gloaming. The New Yorker. 1994.Elkins, Stanley. Criers and Kibitzers, Kibitzers and Criers. Perspective, 1962.Gellhorn, Martha. Miami-New York. The Atlantic Monthly, 1948.Cather, Willa. Double Birthday.  Uncle Valentine and Other Stories. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Neb., 1986.Lerner, Mary. Little Selves. The Atlantic Monthly, 1915.Durban, Pam. Soon. The Southern Review, 1997.Updike,  John. My Fathers Tears and Other Stories. Knopf, 2009, New York.Nabokov, Vladimir That in Aleppo Once... The Atlantic Monthly, 1944.Munro, Alice. Meneseteung. The New Yorker, 1989.Silva, Deidre, and Koney, Jackie. It Takes More Than Balls: The Savvy Girls Guide to Understanding and Enjoying Baseball. Skyhorse, 2008, N ew York.Bellow, Saul. A Silver Dish. The New Yorker, 1979.Faulkner, William. That Evening Sun Go Down. The American Mercury, 1931.Singer, Isaac Bashevis. The Key.  A Friend of Kafka. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1979, New York.Katherine Anne Porter, Theft. The Gyroscope, 1930.

The Smart Chips Company - Mgt240 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 456 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? AIU Online MGT240-1003B-01 Unit 5(DB) The Smart Chips Company The Smart Chips Company is in an immediate need of product reconstruction due to other competitors cloning their micro- chips and selling them at extremely low prices that anyone couldn’t resist. In order for The Smart Chip Company to undergo these drastic changes, first they will need to determine how they will input these six requirements of Value Chain Management and utilize them in hopes of remaining competitive in the long run. The six requirements for Value Chain Management are as follows, Coordination and Collaboration, Technology Investment, Organizational Process, Leadership, Employees and Human Resources, and Organizational Culture and Attitudes. At The Smart Chips Company, I would utilize Coordination and Collaboration by getting our employees to come together and continue corresponding effectively with our consumers and ensuring that our products are being distributed to our merchants in a suitable manner while ensuring that we continuously supply our exceptional services. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Smart Chips Company Mgt240" essay for you Create order The Smart Chips Company can utilize Technology Investment by bringing in more sufficient investment techniques that will enhance their technology in terms of making their products operate faster or better due to upgrading. This process will help their products hold up in the information technology industry in the long run along with the gain of long term profits. For example, at American Standard’s Trane facilities, a comprehensive IT strategy throughout its value chain, which extends globally, has helped it achieve significant work process improvements (Coulter Robbins, 2009). The Smart Chips Company can utilize the Organizational Process by organizing the way that their products are being delivered. They should also change the way that they organize their products to satisfy their customers and their suppliers. Because the goal in value chain management is meeting and exceeding customers’ needs and desires, managers need a better picture of how well this value is being created and delivered to customers (Couter Robbins, 2009). The Smart Chip Company can utilize Employees and Human Resources by increasing the hire amount. They should provide training programs for their incoming employees as well as for their existing employees in order to establish the final product. The Smart Chip Company can establish Leadership by single handling selecting a manager within the company that possesses the ability to meet product deadline dates, promote products, and be able to attract more business for the company. This would help the company remain competitive in the long run. Also, The Smart Chips Company can remain competitive in the long run if they utilize Organizational Cultural and Attitudes by implementing partnership, directness, elasticity, distribution, joint admiration, and reliance within their company. References Coulter, M. and Robbins, S. (2009). Management. Tenth Edition, Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright by Pearson Education, Inc.

The Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002 - 2376 Words

Introduction In this paper, I will be discussing the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. I will divide the paper up into four sections: the history of the act, trace its implementation, discuss its impact on society, and analyze the efficiency of the act. The act itself is made of of 11 sections or â€Å"titles†. Each title is a major key point in the act which also goes into more depth by containing several sections within it. This paper will me going over all of the sections covered in the act, but will focus on the major sections that have proven this act to be efficient in its purpose and the negatives as well. This act has been quite controversial regarding its strengths and weaknesses, but it contains some key values that should be used as a†¦show more content†¦Despite major loses, the companies grew because Enron essentially believed that â€Å"saying the right words, turning around three times and throwing salt over your shoulder could somehow transform something without econom ic substance into something with economic substance. (SEC Historical Society)† Due to this misleading and fraudulent act, shareholders lost billions of dollars when the companies crashed and the share prices went down with it (Citeseer). After uncovering several scandals from companies such as Enron, Worldcom, and Tyco, people found it difficult to trust and invest in companies again. As a result to this unforeseen and unethical scandal, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed on July 25, 2002. The House approved this act with a vote of â€Å"423 in favor, 3 opposed, and 8 abstained†, showing a unanimous favor in the necessity and practicality of the act. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was also known as the â€Å"Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act† (in the Senate) and the â€Å"Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act† (in the House), or simply SOX (Citeseer). Its purpose is to ensure the honestly of the company’s financial statements and to also make shareholders feel safe with where they are spending their money. In order to keep businesses running and the society’s best interests, this act is necessary. It is

Alcoholics Anonymous Essay Example For Students

Alcoholics Anonymous Essay Defining Alcoholics AnonymousFollowing is the definition of A.A. appearing in the Fellowships basic literature and cited frequently at meetings of A.A. groups:Alcoholics Anonymous is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength, and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism. The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop drinking. There are no dues of fees for A.A. membership; they are self-supporting through their own contributions. A.A is not allied with any sect, denomination, politics, organization, of institution; does not wish to engage in any controversy; neither endorses nor opposes any causes. Their primary purpose is to stay sober and help other alcoholics to achieve sobriety. Alcoholics Anonymous can also be defined as an informal society of more than 2,000,000 recovered alcoholics in the United States, Canada, and other countries. These men and women meet in local groups, which range in size from a handful in some localities to many hundreds in larger communities. Although alcoholism, according to the AA philosophy, can never be curedthat is, the alcoholic can never safely drink againthe alcoholic can recover to lead a productive and normal life as long as he or she remains sober. Since its inception the organization has also reduced popular misconceptions of alcoholics by educating both professionals and the public about the nature of alcoholism. The related organizations of Al-Anon and Al-Ateen provide similar support to the families and children of alcoholics. Other organizations, such as Overeaters Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Gamblers Anonymous, and Co-Dependents Anonymous have adopted the 12-Step program for recovery. Social Issues

The Question As To Whether Or Not Creationism Should Be Taught Essays

The question as to whether or not creationism should be taught in public schools is a very emotional and complex question. It can be looked at from several different angles, its validity being one of them. Despite the lack of evidence to support the fundamentalist idea of creationism, that in itself is not enough to warrant its exclusion from the curriculum of public schools in the United States. The question is far more involved and complex. One way to address the question is whether or not creationism, in itself, is a valid idea to be taught in public schools. The answer to this can be yes. Not only should a student in American public schools learn and acquire knowledge in empirical sciences, and other tangible facts both in history and other courses, but he should also learn how to think and make decisions for himself. Unfortunately, as it turns out, creationism is in direct conflict with the biological theory of evolution. Many fundamentalist propose that creationism should replace, or at least be offered as an alternative to Darwin's theory of evolution. This is not the right approach. Creationism, as exemplified in the book of Genesis, should not be taught in a science course. Science runs on a certain set of rules and principles being: (1) it is guided by natural law, (2) it has to be explanatory by reference to natural law, (3) it?s conclusions lack finality and therefore may be altered or changed, (4) it is also testable against the empirical world, and finally (5) it is falsefiable. These characteristics define the laws, boundaries, and guidelines that science follows. In a science course, all knowledge conveyed is shown, or has been shown in the past, to exemplify a strict adherence to these qualities. Creationism, unfortunately in the eyes of Christian fundamentalist, does not exemplify any adherence whatsoever to these rules and guidelines of science. Therefore, it should not be included in the science curriculum in public schools, even as an alternative to evolution. Another idea is that which is held by those who subscribe to the idea of scientific creationism. Scientific creationism, as it relates to this topic, states that God was the creator, and that evolution is simply a means, developed by Him, of conservation. Due to this definition of how scientific creationism relates to evolution, it may be easier to accept by scientific criteria, despite the fact that the origins are scientifically debatable. The problem in scientific creationism, and what I see as a reason for its exclusion from the science classroom in public schools, is the fact that it looks as if, from the outside, the whole theory that it rest on is simply a contortion of the traditional version of creation described in Genesis, custom-made to fit in with Darwin's theory of evolution. R. M. Hare would probably say that scientific creationism is simply a modification of the story of creation in Genesis, to fit into the ?blik? of the religious fundamentalist. A blik, as Hare describes it, is a pre-set world view held by all people, in which they draw from when forming certain opinions on any particular subject. In the case of religious fundamentalist, who?s faith in the validity of the Book of Genesis is an essential part of their blik, it becomes necessary for them to contort their literal view of the Book of Genesis into a form that is scientifically acceptable. For this reason, creation science still does not have a place in the science classroom of public schools. Another problem with scientific creationism is that it would exclude the idea of a random beginning. No theory could ever be tested to find origins because it would conflict with scientific creationism. Scientific creationism would be, in essence, a lesson on science halting efforts to find creation, if it is possible at all. It may, however, be acceptable as a theory and not a solid law. Now that it is clear that creationism, as well as scientific creationism, does not fit into the guidelines on which science operates, therefore making them unsuitable for teaching in science classrooms in public schools, in what part of the public school curriculum in the United States should they be taught? The story provided in the Book of Genesis could conceivably fit into the literary genre of mythology. It could not be considered as nonfiction, due to the many contradictions it makes within itself, as well as in the world of empirical knowledge. These contradictions are numerous and would create a paper within themselves, therefore it should be addressed elsewhere. The controversy here, despite the factual and logical inadequacies

Is Political Analysis a Scientific Enterprise Should It Be

Is Political Analysis a Scientific Enterprise Should It Be According to Fay (1996)1, the study of political science involves a close analysis of dates, governments and politics. This discipline concerns with the study of human behavior and all issues related to politics as observed in controlled environments. This means that it would be very difficult to reproduce results through experimental methods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Political Analysis a Scientific Enterprise? Should It Be? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many scholars have argued that the study should be based on observations rather than experiments. Historically, most advances and conclusions in political science are derived from observations of the general trends of nation’s politics and government. The fact that the results from studying a variety of governments of a given number of nations limits the probability of obtaining reproducible results and thus limits the study of political science t o be classified as a scientific enterprise. Political analysts utilize a variety of means to obtain their research data. Most primary data is obtained through historic records and official documents. The secondary materials have been traditionally derived from results of surveys, case studies, statistical analyses and experimental models and research buildings. Political science builds its theories on critical observations of political elites, individuals and groups, as well as institutions. These patterns are drawn, generalized before the theories are being created. The correlation between the study of political science and science is a subject to debate due to some specifications that scientific studies and models stipulate as mandatory in all scientific models. This paper analyzes some of the scientific requirements in a scientific enterprise and then correlates them to the model and research methods used by political analysts to draw its conclusions Literature review The definit ion of political science has changed over the years since the 1950s. Initially, the discipline had been comprehensively descriptive in nature, but has since relied on statistical methods. Political analysts have over the years rejected political science as a science based on two approaches: practical and philosophical objections. In the first one believes that political behaviors are very complex and therefore mislead researchers having made the data collection quite hard. Philosophical objections, on the other hand, base their arguments on the fact that human reasoning cannot be objectively quantified. This leaves observations and perceptions by the researchers as the only alternative (Rosenberg, 2012)2.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political analysis lacks a standard methodology for quantifying the validity of its measurements and therefore makes it hard for ob taining testable results. The complexity and uniqueness of the political analysis make the results of the study unreliable. According to Cherry (2010)3, reliability is a measure of consistency of a given measurement. For a test to be reliable, it must deliver similar results on a regular basis. The results are independent of the reason for administering the test, but should be approximately similar every time the test is done (Cherry, 2010)4. Unfortunately, mathematical quantification is not possible in political analysis when making approximations about the reliability of a given test. Two aspects are normally considered in science: inter-later and internal reliability. In order to assess the first one, a minimum two independent judges should score the test. The scores are then analyzed to establish the consistency of the rater’s approximations. The best way to test inter-rater reliability is to assign each rater to test a score (Silva, 2010)5. Then, the test administrator c omputes the correlation between two ratings to establish the degree of inter-rater reliability. On the other hand, internal reliability is a measure of consistency of test results conducted on the same test. The researches compare test variables, which measure the same construct to establish the tests internal consistency(Cherry, 2010)6. On many occasions, these tests involve very similar or repetitive questions that are utilized to assess the reliability. Since the questions are identical and are structured to answer the same phenomena, the researcher must provide answers to the question in a similar fashion meaning that the test has internal consistency (Cherry, 2010)7. Political analysis lacks a standard methodology for quantifying the validity of its measurements and therefore makes it hard to obtain testable results. Additionally, science capitalizes on knowledge to explain how phenomena is the way it is. As a result, theories and testable predictions based on empirical reliabi lity are created. The more similar observations are observed, the more the theory is deemed to be testable and therefore correct. Poor consistency of the human behavior thus reduces the rate of testability of the theories and consequently reduces the reliability of the results (Silva, 2010)8.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Political Analysis a Scientific Enterprise? Should It Be? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Political analysis is a social study and involves numerous examples of complex human behaviors. Human beings are neither identical nor interchangeable. Their complex nature makes them lack a general conclusion based on the results of the methodology used. In science, generalization is a must concept and relies on the building relationships between two or more facts and utilizes empirical generalization to reach a credible conclusion (Buttolph Reynolds, 2012)9. Since humans cannot be put in a Petri dish in an effort to control their behaviors to study certain variables, the validity of the results obtained is thus questionable. It would be important to look at the definition of variability as an important factor in quantifying scientific studies (Silva, 2010)10. Validity is defined as the ability of an instrument to achieve its goals. Tests should be valid in order to ease interpretation, and provide accurate application of the results. Validity is a measure that uses research methods that can demonstrate the existence of a predefined relationship between the test and the behavior it is supposed to measure. There are two types of validity measures: content and face validity. In case the elements of the test represent the whole range of possible results the test should cover, then the test have content validity (Silva, 2010)11. Content validity draws the test questions from a wide pool of items covering a wide range of topics. Face validity, on the other hand, is a component of cont ent validity that is determined when the person assessing the instrument makes a conclusion that measures the desired element or trait in the test (Cherry, 2010). Quantification While scientists insist on quantifiable tests, Political analysis, being a social science, relies on behaviors, values, beliefs and so on to make conclusions. This implies that their results cannot be measured accurately. Measurement is a fundamental element of science and although generalizations and assumptions are common, the quantification process must be illustrated clearly.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some political scientists vehemently criticize this approach by citing the scientific methodologies that have been employed historically in science. Galileo, for instance, used a crude telescope to view the moon and other planets. Scientific developments in astronomy were developed from the foundations he discovered through more and more precise observation instruments. Another fundamental element of science is the ability to offer transmissible knowledge. Scientists insist that scientific knowledge must be transmissible or, in other words, they must be explicit enough to allow other scholars to analyze them and replicate their results. Unfortunately, the methodologies used in social sciences are basically based on objective and systematic observations. This means that a fundamental goal of science is left out since the results obtained cannot be verified. The theories constructed from these verifications of public inspection and results are not in a credible position to explain why phenomena behave the way it does (Fay, 1996). In the scientific world, the knowledge is used to describe things and facts, for example, how things are created and why they are what they are. On the other hand, political analysis depends on causal relationships which derive their results from correlations in order to establish useful and important information. These however fail to explain issues related to why and how (Fay, 1996)12. Falsifiability During the development of theories, it must be quite clear whether the theory is falsifiable or not. Science insists that an empirical theory fails to satisfy the fundamental of science if it cannot be proved to be either right or wrong through various tests. When a theory is found to be wrong, it gives the researchers the motivation to look for alternative theories through elimination of the previous theory. The truth is that no political setting is interchangeable. If we argue from this point, it means therefore that the results we will obtain from analysis of a political setting will be subjected to alterations once an identical study is carried out. This would consequently lead to situation where theories will be formulated today and dismissed the following day. Political analysts use case studies to come up with comprehensive theories but fail to generalize them being afraid of criticism from independent similar theories. The Organization of the American Political Science Association (2006)13 reported new developments in the scientification of political analysis. In the early 1960s, most political analysts used scientific means to build on the behaviorism during the early foundations of political science as a discipline. However, over the years, these theories have been challenged by different authors owing to their nature of lack of reliability and generalization. The line between facts and values has been a nightmare to most political scientists and other social scientists for a long time. Some held on the ar gument that values are facts, but in the real scientific world, a clear distinction between the two must be established. Epistemology As one of the key pillars of philosophy, epistemology concentrates on propositional knowledge. The political analysts utilize this approach by classifying certain elements of beliefs and values to be true or false. The results produce normative knowledge which deals with the evaluation and recommendation of what should be rather than what it is, or how it came to be. On the other hand, real science aims at creating a non-normative kind of knowledge which is based on facts or, in other words, the objective determination of what things are. While the real scientific world insists on knowledge being cumulative, the research methods used by previous experiments and results should be used as foundations of new work. Political analysts deal with variation in the settings of political arenas, governments and institutions in such a way that the conclusions fr om different studies yield different results. In their words, the repeatability, reliability and validity of the data obtained cannot be used to make a general observation. By presenting a systematic a systematic and well reasoned anticipation, science is able to make accurate predictions for future occurrence of events. Thus, science is in a position to generate predictions for the future. Social analysis fails in generalization of its theories and therefore most of its conclusions cannot be used to predict the occurrence of future events (Fay, 1996)14. Science relies on parsimony in an effort to give other researchers a chance to choose between alternatives. Scientists therefore prefer methodologies that give a vivid explanation of phenomena while maintaining few parameters. In real scientific research, deductive arguments must not necessarily be reached. These relate to arguments that are proved to be true through the use of a series of logical statements to derive a conclusion b ased on true premises (Buttolph Reynolds, 2012)15. Although deductive reasoning is used in political analysis, inductive reasoning prevails in most research work making inferences though observations and propositions (Buttolph Reynolds, 2012)16. This brings the issue of probabilistic explanation. In science, it is required that 100% accuracy be met prior to making any predictions. The use of inductive reasoning therefore forbids this practice of making prediction based on previous findings. In other words, every situation in political analysis requires an independent research and conclusion. For example, if a researcher was to research about the political situation in a country, say Britain, it would be wrong to make inferences about the United States using the results of the study. On the other hand, a scientific experiment could be reproduced to another similar case. For example, the behavior of bacteria inside a Petri dish could be used to make general conclusions about the beh avior of all similar bacteria. From the given example, several observations can be made. The situation of political institutions in Britain and America are likely to change with time. By the time the study was taken, several parameters such as the nature of economy and the general perceptions of the respondents will have changed. The scientific study of bacteria in the same environment and conditions will yield similar results day-in-day-out. We therefore concluded that the Petri dish experimental results are reproducible, valid and reliable. Reliability is important in this case in order to assess the practicability and efficiency of the materials used to gather the data (Martin, 1994)17. Conclusion The paper analyzed the scientific approach of research and made equal comparison to the study of political science. The scientific approach look more tangible and reflective results compared to the social science approach. The paper concluded that political analysis therefore cannot be classified as a scientific enterprise. For a long time, the study has based its reflections on descriptions obtained through observations. The fact that these systems are undergoing transformations to include statistical inferences suggests the birth of a new approach to the subject. At the moment, the scientific requirements for a theory to satisfy the discussed expectations of a scientific study do not allow the prevalent method in political analysis to be described as a scientific approach. Deductive reasoning may not be practical in political analysis since every time the research is carried out, the probability of obtaining different data is high. Bibliography Buttolph, J Reynolds, T H, 2012, Political Science Research Methods, 7th edn., sage Publications, http://college.cqpress.com/sites/psrm/Home/chapter2.aspx Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm Fay, B, 1996, Contemporary philosophy of social sci ence: a multicultural approach. Blackwell, Oxford. Martin, M, 1994, Readings in the philosophy of social science, MIT Press, Cambridge. Rosenberg, A, 2012, Philosophy of social science, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. Silva, E, 2010, Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Lanham. The Organization of the American Political Science Association, 2006, Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, Vol. 1, pp. 5-15, First Annual Meeting, 1904. Footnotes 1 Fay, B, 1996, Contemporary philosophy of social science: a multicultural approach. Blackwell, Oxford. 2 Rosenberg, A, 2012, Philosophy of social science, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 3 Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 4 Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 5 Silva, E, 201 0, Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Lanham. 66 Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 7 Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 8 Silva, E, 2010, Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Lanham. 9 Buttolph, J Reynolds, T H, 2012, Political Science Research Methods, 7th edn., sage Publications, http://college.cqpress.com/sites/psrm/Home/chapter2.aspx Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 10 Silva, E, 2010, Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Lanham. 11 Silva, E , 2010, Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States, Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Lanham. 12 Fay, B, 1996, Contemporary philosophy of social science: a multicultural approach. Blackwell, Oxford. 13 The Organization of the American Political Science Association, 2006, Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, Vol. 1, pp. 5-15, First Annual Meeting, 1904. 14 Fay, B, 1996, Contemporary philosophy of social science: a multicultural approach. Blackwell, Oxford. 15 Buttolph, J Reynolds, T H, 2012, Political Science Research Methods, 7th edn., sage Publications, http://college.cqpress.com/sites/psrm/Home/chapter2.aspx Cherry, K, 2010, Reliability and Validity, viewed on http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/validity.htm 16 Buttolph, J Reynolds, T H, 2012, Political Science Research Methods, 7th edn., Sage Publications, http://college.cqpress.com/sites/psrm/Home/chapter2.aspx 17 Martin, M, 1994, Re adings in the philosophy of social science, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Preliminary Investigation of the Company Assignment

Preliminary Investigation of the Company - Assignment Example The company's target markets include local clients as well as clients from foreign countries. Several concerns and opportunities were mentioned. The first is to establish the company as a household name when it comes to land management software. The company also hopes to establish itself as a big brand name in providing consultancy services, training, and customization in the said field. In order to establish itself as a market leader in the local scene, one should have a lot of customers. To rake in more sales, the company should be visible to potential clients locally as well as abroad. With this end in mind, the company is keen on putting up their own website. This will serve not only as an information center to current and potential clients but will bring in more sales what with the ease of availing products online and within the comforts of one's home. The company, being global in scale has recently felt that the market is too large to maintain strong relationships with all potential buyers. The company has been used to utilizing direct mail to attract new clients. However, this method does not ensure that the brochures and advertisement material are reaching the decision makers of the target companies. The current advertisement setup uses mail-outs to special groups which have been selected based on predefined criteria. These are sent out every 2-3 months. Instead of doing this, focus on the key persons for such companies, send them emails and find out how they will be able to use the software, and if possible, set up presentation meetings over lunch or dinner. This way, with a clear void to fill, the goal is more focused and a strategy to present the product in the best way possible to the potential customer can be formulated. Also, contingency plans can be set up in case the client rejects the first approach. Moreover, if the correspondences would prove that the prospect is a dead end, it should send the signal that it's time to move on to other prospects, thus saving time.     

Ww1, roaring 20s, theodore roosevelt Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ww1, roaring 20s, theodore roosevelt - Assignment Example He propagated for a government that serves as an agent of reform for the benefit of the citizens. Through his belief in the government, he gave it, more power to regulate big businesses so that its activities did not affect the general public negatively. Roosevelt also revolutionized foreign affairs because he believed America had a responsibility to build a strong foreign policy. In terms of the presidential style of leadership, Roosevelt incorporated charisma into his political equation. He had a strong attachment to the public and knew how to use the media to shape public opinion (Giblin 151). Even after his death, his legacy continues today and Americans continue to commemorate his life. When Germany declared its intentions to resume unrestricted submarine attacks on Allied and neutral shipping areas within the prescribed war zones, President Woodrow Wilson did not find a reason to join the battle. He refrained from asking for a declaration of war on Germany since he doubted whether the U.S. public would support him (Giblin 51). He thought providing ample proof that the Germans intended to attack the U.S. ships without warning would more important instead of seeking support without proof. Wilson left open a possibility to negotiate the situation with the Germans in case they refrained from attacking the U.S shipping. Nevertheless, the German submarines sank several American ships throughout the February and March period, resulting in the death of several U.S. citizens and seamen. Thus, on February 26, President Wilson requested the Congress to allow him to arm the U.S. merchant ships with naval equipment and personnel (Giblin 121). The request proved unfruitful, and Wilson was forced to arm the merchant ships through his executive order. These among other conflicts between the Germany and the U.S. forced Americans to declare war on Germany in order to protect their territory. The 1920s is often regarded as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties,† and

U.S. Debit Essay Example for Free

U.S. Debit Essay Advancement in technology has challenged the traditional way of transacting as new financial services which offer reduced costs of transactions and incorporates innovations to delivery channels thereby increasing more value to businesses, customers and business activities have been introduced into the market place. For instance the electronic financial transaction services such as debit cards which are used as an alternative to cash when making payment of purchases. The funds are withdrawn from the buyer’s bank account or the balance in the card. Technological advancement has introduced a debit card to be used over the internet. This mode of payment has gained popularity in many countries because it is flexible and usually reduces the expenses that arise when a person operates cash funds outside the general account. This system was introduced to meet the demands of consumers who needed a safe and secure way of accessing their account anytime and at any place (Kobliner, 2009). In US the department of Treasury Financial Management Services (FMS) for federal agencies runs the debit card program allowing individuals to make nonrecurring and miscellaneous payment. This department also offers federal agents access to money when on official duty because it provides centralized payment services to the federal agency as it operates the collection and deposit systems of the federal government. Moreover, the use of the debit card is deemed to reduce the workload of accountants, auditors, staff members, drivers of indirect cost and enterprise resource planning (ERP) integration. Apart from this the debit card program offers management of various other programs such as benefits/ pension, disaster relief and travel expenses among others (Evans Schmalensee, 2005). Furthermore, the US debit card program emanates strict management control guided by powerful reporting mechanisms thereby ensuring ease in fund distribution. The reporting mechanisms are categorized into two; from the primary research sources for example conduction of interviews on financial analysts, consultants of the field, marketers and public relations officers. The other reporting mechanism is from secondary research sources which includes gathering data from the company reports of relevant trade businesses, consumer demographics from research bureaus and from government sources (Evans Schmalensee, 2005). The use of debit card in US has gained popularity that it overshadows the use of the credit card which was launched earlier. Statistics show that today more than 8 billion US citizens owns and uses a debit card in comparison to about 274 debit card holders in the year 1990 (Walden Peg, 2007). In the year 2008 about USD 206 billion dollars were received from debit card transaction in comparison to USD203 billion dollars received from credit card transactions in the same year (Walden Peg, 2007). This can be based on the fact that there are two types of debit cards which include the single deposit debit cards and multiple deposit debit cards. Single deposit cards are usually used to pay card holders incentives, bonuses, one-time stipend among other services while the multiple deposit debit card is usually designed to make payment to debt card holders for emergencies, payroll and recurring payments among others (Walden Peg, 2007). The use of debit cards has been credited as a secure means of transaction as it eliminates chances of fraudulent acts because of the imposed personal identification number (PIN) which is issued to the card holder once they become legal debit card holders. A card reader which is a small hand device that works independently from the computer is used to read the chip on the credit card which contains the eight digits pass code of the pin (the digits were increased from four to eight to increase security measures). This fact makes it difficult for fraudsters to get access to the PIN and thus reduces the overall number of debit card theft cases (Kobliner, 2009). The debit card programs offers an accurate and simplified reconciliation system because transactions are satisfied at the till as they are directly connected to the bank accounts of card holders. This is because the point of sale (POS) system offers reports that can be directly counter checked with reports created by the bank concerning the activities of the card holder’s bank account. The use of debit card programs also ensures that opening up of individual accounts is rapid and results to a low risk start up for bulk. This program also ensures immediate distribution of the debit cards because the issuance process is instant. Debit card holders have the freedom of accessing their accounts at anytime and from any place because the services offered by the debit card program run for twenty four hours, are available online and offers a real time funding system. The debit cards can also be used at any ATM points and by merchants such as online casinos among other vendors worldwide. While using debit cards transactions are done rapidly thus reducing the long queues that are witnessed in shopping parlors and other transacting sites. Debit card holders are therefore, comfortable and satisfied by the services extended by the debit card programs because of their convenience and the ability of fulfilling their demands (Kobliner, 2009). However, debit card issuers that is, the financial institutions are faced with a major marketing problem on their earnings and spending because they earn less profit when their customers use debit cards than when they use credit cards. This is because the finance charges, late fees and annual fees charged on credit card holders are not charged on debit card holders. Thus in contrast to the benefit and convenience consumers and merchants enjoy, debit card issuers struggle to increase the profit margins of their businesses. To overcome this drawback debit card issuers have implemented financial fee charges used to help the institution cater for expenses incurred when formulating and implementing reward programs tied to debt cards to attract more customers especially because the use of debit cards for financial transactions is growing rapidly. This initiative has created tension between the banks and merchants because of the fee that the financial institutions charge when accepting the use of the plastic cards in place of money. Merchants are complaining that the financial institutions have increased the amount of the fees that they charge on the use of debit cards while on the other hand they offer little reward benefits when they lower the amount of the fee they charge (Mann, 2006). Despite this hitches debit card issuers are still encouraged to continue supporting this technology as they have been able to survive and even earn profit during the 2009 economic recession that has had a standstill effects on many transaction and business activities (Kobliner, 2009). Therefore, from the above facts it is quite clear that US as a country will greatly benefit from the implementation of debit card programs because of increased levels of income generation. This will also improve the livelihood and lifestyle of US citizens. Reference List Evans, S. D. Schmalensee, R. (2005). Paying with Plastic: The Digital Revolution in Buying and Borrowing. 2nd Ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Kobliner, B. (2009). Get a Financial Life: Personal Finance in Your Twenties and Thirties. 3rd ED. NY: Simon Schuster. Mann, J. R. (2006). Charging Ahead: The Growth and Regulation of Payment Card Markets. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Walden, M. L. Peg, T. (2007). Battleground: Business. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group.

slaverybel Impact of Slavery in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay

Impact of Slavery on the Individual Exposed in Beloved  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In her novel, Beloved, Toni Morrison conveys her strong feelings about slavery. One of the major themes throughout the book is the impact that slavery has on the individual.   Morrison utilizes the characters Mr. Garner and Schoolteacher to illustrate how slavery affects everyone in a different way.    Though Morrison portrays Mr. Garner as the more humane master, in actuality he is no different then Schoolteacher, because ultimately they are both slave owners. Morrison includes the character, Mr. Garner, to show that even if you allow your slaves to do certain activities, you are still a displeasing human being because you are a slave owner.   Garner allowed his slaves to choose wives, handle guns, learn to read and even purchase a mother's freedom.   Garner let Halle buy his mother,   Baby Suggs' freedom, but as Halle points out to Sethe , his wife,   " If he hadn't of, she would of dropped in his cooking stove...I pay him for her last years and in return he got you, me and three more coming up" ( Morrison, 195-96).   Garner allowed for one slave's freedom, but received stronger, younger slaves in her place, which in his mind made him the victor of the deal.      Schoolteacher on the other hand treated his slaves without any respect because he did not believe they deserved any.   He use to measure them with string as if they were animals and ask them foolish questions in order to conduct research.   He also involved his nephews in these dehumanizing acts by persuading them to physically abuse the slaves, while he watched.   At one point in the book, the narrator discusses Schoolteacher's views on how Garner ran the plantation, " the spoiling these p... ...th a degree of trust and respect he was still a slave owner and that had definite effects on his slaves.   Yes, Schoolteacher had a more devastating effect on his slaves because he held absolutely no respect or compassion for any of his slaves, but these two characters were not very different. As Halle says, "What they say is the same.   Loud or soft" (Morrison, 195).   Halle sums it up perfectly, it did not matter that they treated their slaves differently, because in the end, they both owned people.   And those people were permanently effected by being owned and what their owners, nice or not, did to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited    Kubitschek, M.D. Toni Morrison : A Critical Companion. London: Greenwood Press,   1998. Morrison, Tony. Beloved. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.         

Executive Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Square Textile Ltd. started its operation in 1997. It was enlisted in Dhaka Stock Exchange & Chittagong Stock Exchange in 2002. The business lines of Square Textile Ltd. are manufacturing and marketing of yarn. Its factory is located in Gazipur , Dhaka. The manufactures 100% Cotton Ring Span Yarn or Hosiery , 100% Cotton OE Rotor For Hosiery and Knit Fabrics for 100% export oriented readymade Garments Industry. The strategic Goals and Objectives of the Company are to strive hard to optimize profit though conduction and transparent business operations and to create more competitive in the internal and external market. In home, customer of Square Textile Limited are export oriented readymade Garments Industry. The Company also exports its products to the market of Europe & USA . The export sells increased by 19% in 2003 over the previous year. Competition level is increasing both in local and abroad market . Competition will be more stiff after 2005 when multifiber agreement will be phaced out. Among the other foreign competitors Srilanka , China Pakistan and India are prominent. Square is one of the biggest employees in Bangladesh. It has a personnel and administrative department . The total number of employees are 1223. For the employees there are systematic in house training in home and abroad . The managing director, the CEO is the head of the executive management team . Below in there are directors , executive directors and general manager. Under the direct super vision of the general manager a number of departments are controlled. The Company is going through continuous growth in production . The total production increased year on year basis at the rates of 0. 43% and 1. 467% during 2002 and 2003 respectively . The Company’s operations are out on a aggregate basis and are managed as a single opportunity segment . The Company uses Computer Aided Design (CAD) , Computer Aides Spreading (CAS) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) in its plant to increase the overall efficiency and productivity. OBJECTIVE: The broad objective of this report is to provide an overview of HRM practice of Square Textiles Ltd. The specific objectives of this report are : †¢ To provide Company overview †¢ To provide market overview and analysis †¢ To reveal operational, management and HRM planning. †¢ Discuss all HRM practice METHOLODGY: To prepare this report we have collected data from different published materials. Then we have conducted a secondary study. After that we have prepared a questionnaire and took interview one of the executive serving in this Company. We also collect data from internet . This way we collected primary data. Thus we have used both primary and secondary report to prepare this report. INTRODUCTION: This report is prepared as a requirement of the course â€Å"Seminar in Human Resource Management. † We selected Square Textiles Ltd. Working on this organization we came to know various Kind of HRM practice which are use here. Though it is a textile, it has proved itself in the related industry s a major competitor. In this report we have followed the guidelines provided by the teacher. Here we have tasked not only the HRM practice but also the marketing, management, finance and operational area of the Company. 5. Human resource management 5. 1. Human resource planning Square has a personal and administrative Department . Square is one of the biggest employers in Bang ladesh. The total number of employers in Bangladesh . The total number of employees is 1,223. For the employees there are systematic in house training in home and abroad . To motivate the employees, along with salary and benefits the company provides various facilities like free meals , free transportation , 24 hour medical center , on site sports . Production and accommodation facilities includes full time supply of safe drinking water, adequate lighting and ventilation facilities from sheet. 5. 2 HR Practices of SQUARE textile Recruitment Training Performance Management Labor relation Employee relation Job analysis Job design Selection Development Incentives Benefits 5. 2. 1 Recruitment and Selection process in SQUARE Recruitment is the process trough which the organization seeks applicants for potential employment. Selection refers to the process by which it attempts to identify applicants with the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics that will help the company achieve its goals, companies engaging in different strategies need different types and numbers of employees. The strategy a company is pursuing will have a direct impact on the types of employees that it seeks to recruit and selection. Source of recruitment There are two kinds of source SQUARE uses for recruitment . They are 1. External source 2. Internal source. We try to discuss all relative sources which are used for recruitment in SQUARE. 1. Internal source SQUARE thinks that current employees are a major source of recruits for all but entry-level positions. Whether for promotions or for ‘Lateral’ job transfers, internal candidates already know the informal organization and have detailed information about its formal policies and procedures. Promotions and transfer are typically decided by operating managers with little involvement by HR department. 1. 1Job-posting programs HR departments become involved when internal job openings are publicized to employees through job positioning programs, which informs employees about opening and required qualifications and invite qualify employees to apply. The notices usually are posted on company bulletin boards or are placed in the company newspaper. Qualification and other facts typically are drawn from the job analysis information. The purpose of job posting is to encourage employees to seek promotion and transfers the help the HR department fill internal opening and meet employee’s personal objectives. Not all jobs openings are posted . Besides entry level positions, senior management and top stuff positions may be filled by merit or with external recruiting. Job posting is most common for lower level clerical, technical and supervisory positions. 1. 2 Departing Employees An often overlooked source of recruiters consists of departing employees. Many employees leave because they can no longer work the traditional 40 hours work week . School, child care needs and other commitments are the common reason. Some might gladly stay if they could rearrange their hours of work or their responsibilities . Instead, they quit when a transfer to a part-time job may retain their valuable skill and training. Even if part-time work is not a solution, a temporary leave of absence may satisfy the employee and some future recruiting need of the employer. 2. External source When job opening cannot be filled internally, the HR department of SQUARE must look outside the organization for applicants. We discuss all the external source of recruitment at bellow: 2. 1 Walk-ins and Write-ins: Walk-ins are some seekers who arrived at the HR department of SQUARE in search of a job; Write-ins are those who send a written enquire . both groups normally are ask to complete and application blank to determine their interest and abilities. Usable application is kept in an active file until a suitable opening occurs or until an application is too old to be considered valid, usually six months. 2. 2 Employee referrals: Employees may refer job seekers to the HR department . Employee referrals have several advantages . Employees with hard –to –find job skill may no others who do the same work. Employees referrals are excellent and legal recruitment technique, but they tend to maintain the status quo of the work force in term of raise , religions , sex and other characteristics , possibly leading to charges of discrimination. 2. 3 Advertising Want ads describe the job and the benefits, identify the employer, and tell those who are interested how to apply . They are most familiar form of employment advertising . for highly specialist requites, ads may be placed in professional journal or out of town newspaper in areas with high concentration of the desired skills Example: General Manager- production (ref: PM) Age: 28-35 years; Graduate with specialization in garment mfg technology from NIFT or equiv. -Minimum 10 years experience in similar position of a unit with a minimum of 1000machines. -Must have detailed hands on knowledge of industrial engineering. We offer competitive salary which is commensurate with experience and qualification. If you aspire to an exiting and rewar ding career , send your detailed resume, quoting your present and expected salaries to jobs. 2. 4 Internet Now today no body thinks anything without internet. So SQUARE give their advertise at internet. Example: WWW. bdjobs. com www. square. bd. com Executive summary The highly anticipated and much celebrated release of the newest and perhaps hippest cellular phone on the market has spurred a number of discussions on the applicability of these devices to other forums.   An important change which has revolutionized not only the way people interact and do business with one another but also the way relationships are formed in this world is the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell could never have imagined that phones today allow people to surf the internet and also watch movies.   The telephone has become such an integral part of the everyday lives of people.   This role is even expected to only become more and more important as the next generation of cellular phones will allow users to watch videos and talk to each other onscreen. This short discourse will therefore discuss the different marketing strategies for mobile phone providers.   This includes the features that are offered in the market for current cellular phones such as the WAP access and even the video or camera quality.   As shown in other pertinent marketing studies that will be discussed in this discourse, there are also other important considerations that consumers take into their decision making process with regard to the purchase of a mobile phone unit.   Using projective techniques and perceptual mapping techniques, this study will attempt to show which of these new features and marketing strategies have the greatest impact on the mobile phone industry.    Executive summary The highly anticipated and much celebrated release of the newest and perhaps hippest cellular phone on the market has spurred a number of discussions on the applicability of these devices to other forums.   An important change which has revolutionized not only the way people interact and do business with one another but also the way relationships are formed in this world is the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell could never have imagined that phones today allow people to surf the internet and also watch movies.   The telephone has become such an integral part of the everyday lives of people.   This role is even expected to only become more and more important as the next generation of cellular phones will allow users to watch videos and talk to each other onscreen. This short discourse will therefore discuss the different marketing strategies for mobile phone providers.   This includes the features that are offered in the market for current cellular phones such as the WAP access and even the video or camera quality.   As shown in other pertinent marketing studies that will be discussed in this discourse, there are also other important considerations that consumers take into their decision making process with regard to the purchase of a mobile phone unit.   Using projective techniques and perceptual mapping techniques, this study will attempt to show which of these new features and marketing strategies have the greatest impact on the mobile phone industry.   

The Rise Of Labor Unions, Strikes, Protests And Uprisings...

The later half of the 19th century was characterized by the rise of labor unions, strikes, protests and uprisings. Starting in the 1960s, workers started to feel strongly the presence and pressure of instability in social mobility. â€Å"The truth could hardly be denied. Class, as defined in terms of dignity, was increasingly insecure† [Isenberg[8]] The gap between the rich and the poor became wider and the working class erroneously placed in-between began to question their identity and in the process seek to define and defend this new identity Capitalist America was witnessing a boom in production as industrialism became more and more prominent. The gap between the rich and the poor continued to widen and eventually would evolve to create a new class. The Marxism theory identified the rise of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat; the bourgeoisie consisted of those who owned capital and supplied the means of production while the proletariat were the laborers who owned only thei r labor and offered it up to the bourgeoisie in return for wages. According to the Marxism theory, the definition of the working class was simply made up of people who simply offered up work. The inclusion of the Marxism theory above serves to clearly and simply define who the stakeholders were in the Industrial labor system. 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